{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ch10-title", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# OOP" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ch10-overview", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Object-oriented programming is a paradigm for organizing data and behavior together in reusable types.\n", "\n", "- Classes as blueprints for objects\n", "- Instances as concrete objects with their own state\n", "- Methods as behavior attached to objects\n", "- Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction\n", "- Advanced class features for Pythonic designs\n", "\n", "This chapter starts with foundational ideas, works through practical examples, and builds toward more advanced OOP techniques.\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "1000-video", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

Chapter Video

\n", "\n", "This overview introduces classes, instances, attributes, and methods in Python.\n", "\n", "```{raw} html\n", "\n", "```\n", "\n", "> *[Python OOP Tutorial 1: Classes and Instances (15:24)](https://youtube.com/watch?v=ZDa-Z5JzLYM) by Corey Schafer*\n", ">\n", "> Hosted on YouTube; property of its original creator, embedded here for educational reference only." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ch10-goals", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

Learning Objectives

\n", "\n", "By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:\n", "\n", "1. Explain what object-oriented programming is, distinguish a class from an instance, and recognize built-in values as instances of classes\n", "2. Define a class with `__init__`, attributes, and methods, and give its objects readable `__str__` and `__repr__` representations\n", "3. Protect an object's state with naming conventions and `@property`\n", "4. Build a class hierarchy with inheritance, `super()`, and method overriding, and use polymorphism to call the same method on different classes\n", "5. Define an abstract base class with `abc` that requires its subclasses to implement certain methods\n", "6. Implement comparison and arithmetic special methods, and choose among `@dataclass`, `namedtuple`, `@staticmethod`, and `@classmethod` for records and class-level behavior\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ch10-flow", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

Chapter Flow

\n", "\n", "```{container} chapter-flow\n", "1. {doc}`0901-oop-design`\n", "2. {doc}`0902-oop-pillars`\n", "3. {doc}`0903-oop-advanced`\n", "```" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "ch09-glossary", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

Glossary

\n", "\n", "| # | Term | Explanation |\n", "|---:|---|---|\n", "| 1 | Object-oriented programming | A programming style that organizes data and behavior into objects. |\n", "| 2 | Class | A blueprint for creating objects with shared attributes and methods. |\n", "| 3 | Instance | A specific object created from a class. |\n", "| 4 | Attribute | Data stored on an object or class. |\n", "| 5 | Method | A function defined inside a class and called on an object or class. |\n", "| 6 | `self` | The conventional name for the current instance inside an instance method. |\n", "| 7 | Constructor | Code that initializes a new object, commonly written with `__init__`. |\n", "| 8 | Dunder method | A special method with double underscores, such as `__str__` or `__lt__`. |\n", "| 9 | Encapsulation | Keeping related data and behavior together behind a clear interface. |\n", "| 10 | Inheritance | Defining a class from another class to reuse or specialize behavior. |\n", "| 11 | Polymorphism | Using a shared interface with objects of different types. |\n", "| 12 | Abstraction | Focusing on what an object does while hiding unnecessary implementation details. |\n", "| 13 | Method overriding | Redefining an inherited method in a child class. |\n", "| 14 | `super` | A function used to call behavior from a parent class. |\n", "| 15 | Dataclass | A class created with `@dataclass` to reduce boilerplate for data objects. |\n", "| 16 | `namedtuple` | An immutable tuple-like object whose fields can be accessed by name. |\n", "| 17 | Class variable | A variable stored on the class and shared by its instances. |\n", "| 18 | Instance variable | A variable stored separately on each instance. |\n", "| 19 | Static method | A method placed in a class namespace that does not receive `self` or `cls`. |\n", "| 20 | Class method | A method that receives the class as its first argument, conventionally named `cls`. |\n", "| 21 | Abstract base class | A class that cannot be instantiated and declares methods its subclasses must implement, created with the `abc` module. |\n", "| 22 | `@property` | A decorator that lets a method be read like an attribute, used to control access to an object's state. |\n", "| 23 | Name mangling | Python renames an attribute that starts with two underscores, such as `__pin`, to `_ClassName__pin`, which discourages access from outside the class. |\n", "| 24 | Operator overloading | Defining special methods such as `__add__` or `__lt__` so that operators like `+` and `<` work with your objects. |\n", "| 25 | Frozen dataclass | A dataclass created with `frozen=True`, whose fields cannot be changed after the object is created. |\n", "| 26 | Bound method | A method accessed through an object without calling it, which remembers that object and can be stored in a variable and called later. |\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "id": "1000-slides", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "

Chapter Overview Slides

" ] } ], "metadata": { "language_info": { "name": "python" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 5 }